Ketamine therapy is gaining attention as a potential breakthrough for people struggling with severe depression and other mental health conditions. With its rapid effects and expanding clinical use, it’s easy to see why it’s become a bit of a buzzword in the recovery world.
But for people with substance use disorder or dual diagnosis, it’s worth taking a closer look. Is ketamine therapy helpful, or could it introduce more risks than rewards?
What Is Ketamine Therapy?
Ketamine is a dissociative anesthetic. In ketamine therapy, low doses of ketamine are used to ease symptoms of depression, anxiety, and a small range of further conditions. It’s most often used when other treatments (the more traditional options, such as prescription medication or therapy) haven’t worked.
Unlike standard antidepressants, ketamine works quickly and affects different brain pathways. The sessions usually happen in a clinical setting and may include guided support before, during, and after the medication is given.
Origins and Clinical Use
Ketamine was first developed in the 1960s as a fast-acting anesthetic used in surgeries. It started gaining popularity because of its safety and ability to reduce pain without slowing breathing.
In mental health treatment, ketamine affects the NMDA receptor in the brain and increases glutamate. This may help reset or strengthen damaged neural pathways, which is why some people feel better quickly. Ketamine is usually given by:
- Infusion: IV drip in a clinic
- Intramuscular: A shot, usually in the arm or leg
- Nasal: Esketamine (Spravato), taken under supervision
How Long Do the Effects of Ketamine Therapy Last?
The effects of ketamine can begin within hours and may last for several days to a week. But results vary widely! Some people end up needing regular maintenance doses for the effects to continue.
Conditions Treated
Ketamine therapy is still being studied, but it’s already being used for:
- Alcohol and opioid use disorders (in early-stage research)
- Treatment-resistant depression (FDA-approved as esketamine nasal spray)
- Anxiety and post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD)
- Obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) and bipolar depression
Safety Considerations: Is Ketamine Therapy FDA-Approved?
The FDA has approved esketamine (Spravato), a ketamine-based nasal spray, for treatment-resistant depression. This version must be taken in a certified clinic, where a provider monitors things closely. All other forms of ketamine therapy are still considered off-label at present.
Many private clinics offer ketamine infusions without standard federal oversight. Side effects may include high blood pressure, nausea, dizziness, or disconnection from reality (called dissociation). These side effects are part of why ketamine should only be given in a controlled, medically supervised environment.
Is Ketamine Therapy Addictive?
Ketamine can become habit-forming if it’s misused or taken without supervision. When taken in high doses or without proper oversight, it may lead to psychological dependence. It can also actually increase the risk of relapse for people with SUD, even though it’s being researched as an option for certain addictions.
Self-Medication and the Risks of Unsupervised Use
As public interest in ketamine therapy grows, some people are trying to self-medicate with ketamine bought illegally. This can be especially dangerous for those in recovery who may feel desperate for relief.
Street ketamine is often mixed with unknown substances, increasing the risk of overdose or harmful side effects. Misuse may also lead to long-term bladder damage or memory problems. A recent study revealed just how much nonmedical and recreational use has risen over the last few years: between 2017 and 2022, the total weight of illicit ketamine seized in the US increased by over 1,100%.
Ketamine Therapy and Substance Use Recovery
Early research suggests that ketamine may help reduce cravings for alcohol and opioids, especially when paired with counseling and continued rehab care. Some studies have shown improved outcomes for people with alcohol use disorder or opioid use disorder who receive ketamine infusions in a structured program.
But ketamine isn’t a cure, and it’s not meant to be used alone. It is not approved or recommended as a detox medication. On its own, ketamine doesn’t provide the foundation needed for long-term recovery.
Professional Help Is the Safest Next Step
If you’re struggling with substance use, mental health symptoms, or are thinking about trying ketamine on your own, reach out. You don’t have to go it alone, and there are safer, proven options available.
Comprehensive treatment for alcohol and opioid addiction is available, including support for co-occurring mental health conditions. With the right care and structure, long-term recovery is possible. You don’t have to figure it out alone.
